PHP: menu HTML dinamico e navigazione avanzata

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navigation-system/
├── src/
│   ├── Core/
│   │   ├── MenuManager.php
│   │   ├── NavigationRenderer.php
│   │   └── PermissionManager.php
│   ├── Templates/
│   │   ├── layouts/
│   │   │   ├── main.php
│   │   │   └── admin.php
│   │   ├── menus/
│   │   │   ├── primary.php
│   │   │   ├── sidebar.php
│   │   │   └── footer.php
│   │   └── breadcrumbs/
│   │       └── default.php
│   ├── Config/
│   │   ├── navigation.php
│   │   └── permissions.php
│   └── Assets/
│       ├── css/
│       ├── js/
│       └── images/
├── cache/
│   └── navigation/
├── logs/
├── tests/
│   ├── Unit/
│   └── Integration/
├── composer.json
└── README.md

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<?php
// src/Config/navigation.php
/**
 * Configurazione completa del sistema di navigazione
 */

return [
    'main_menu' => [
        'home' => [
            'label' => 'Home',
            'url' => '/',
            'icon' => 'fas fa-home',
            'permissions' => ['public'],
            'meta' => [
                'title' => 'Homepage - Il nostro sito',
                'description' => 'Benvenuto nella homepage'
            ]
        ],
        'products' => [
            'label' => 'Prodotti',
            'url' => '/products',
            'icon' => 'fas fa-box',
            'permissions' => ['public'],
            'children' => [
                'category_a' => [
                    'label' => 'Categoria A',
                    'url' => '/products/category-a',
                    'permissions' => ['public']
                ],
                'category_b' => [
                    'label' => 'Categoria B',
                    'url' => '/products/category-b',
                    'permissions' => ['public']
                ]
            ]
        ],
        'services' => [
            'label' => 'Servizi',
            'url' => '/services',
            'icon' => 'fas fa-cogs',
            'permissions' => ['public'],
            'children' => [
                'consulting' => [
                    'label' => 'Consulenza',
                    'url' => '/services/consulting',
                    'permissions' => ['public']
                ],
                'support' => [
                    'label' => 'Supporto',
                    'url' => '/services/support',
                    'permissions' => ['authenticated']
                ]
            ]
        ],
        'admin' => [
            'label' => 'Amministrazione',
            'url' => '/admin',
            'icon' => 'fas fa-cog',
            'permissions' => ['admin', 'manager'],
            'children' => [
                'users' => [
                    'label' => 'Utenti',
                    'url' => '/admin/users',
                    'permissions' => ['admin']
                ],
                'settings' => [
                    'label' => 'Impostazioni',
                    'url' => '/admin/settings',
                    'permissions' => ['admin', 'manager']
                ],
                'reports' => [
                    'label' => 'Report',
                    'url' => '/admin/reports',
                    'permissions' => ['admin', 'manager', 'analyst']
                ]
            ]
        ]
    ],

    'sidebar_menu' => [
        'dashboard' => [
            'label' => 'Dashboard',
            'url' => '/dashboard',
            'icon' => 'fas fa-tachometer-alt',
            'permissions' => ['authenticated']
        ],
        'profile' => [
            'label' => 'Profilo',
            'url' => '/profile',
            'icon' => 'fas fa-user',
            'permissions' => ['authenticated']
        ]
    ],

    'footer_menu' => [
        'about' => [
            'label' => 'Chi Siamo',
            'url' => '/about',
            'permissions' => ['public']
        ],
        'contact' => [
            'label' => 'Contatti',
            'url' => '/contact',
            'permissions' => ['public']
        ],
        'privacy' => [
            'label' => 'Privacy Policy',
            'url' => '/privacy',
            'permissions' => ['public']
        ]
    ],

    'settings' => [
        'cache_enabled' => true,
        'cache_duration' => 3600, // 1 ora
        'highlight_current' => true,
        'generate_breadcrumbs' => true,
        'seo_optimization' => true,
        'accessibility_mode' => true
    ]
];

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<?php
// src/Core/MenuManager.php

class MenuManager
{
    private array $config;
    private ?PermissionManager $permissionManager;
    private array $cache = [];
    private string $currentUrl;

    public function __construct(array $config, ?PermissionManager $permissionManager = null)
    {
        $this->config = $config;
        $this->permissionManager = $permissionManager;
        $this->currentUrl = $this->getCurrentUrl();
    }

    /**
     * Genera un menu completo con permessi e cache
     */
    public function generateMenu(string $menuType = 'main_menu', ?User $user = null): array
    {
        $cacheKey = "menu_{$menuType}_" . ($user ? $user->getId() : 'guest');

        // Check cache
        if ($this->config['settings']['cache_enabled'] && isset($this->cache[$cacheKey])) {
            return $this->cache[$cacheKey];
        }

        $menuItems = $this->config[$menuType] ?? [];
        $filteredMenu = $this->filterMenuByPermissions($menuItems, $user);
        $processedMenu = $this->processMenuItems($filteredMenu);

        // Store in cache
        if ($this->config['settings']['cache_enabled']) {
            $this->cache[$cacheKey] = $processedMenu;
        }

        return $processedMenu;
    }

    /**
     * Filtra gli elementi del menu in base ai permessi utente
     */
    private function filterMenuByPermissions(array $menuItems, ?User $user): array
    {
        $filteredItems = [];

        foreach ($menuItems as $key => $item) {
            // Check permissions
            if ($this->hasPermission($item['permissions'] ?? ['public'], $user)) {
                // Process children if exist
                if (isset($item['children'])) {
                    $item['children'] = $this->filterMenuByPermissions($item['children'], $user);

                    // Remove parent if no children remain after filtering
                    if (empty($item['children'])) {
                        continue;
                    }
                }

                $filteredItems[$key] = $item;
            }
        }

        return $filteredItems;
    }

    /**
     * Processa gli elementi del menu aggiungendo stati e metadata
     */
    private function processMenuItems(array $menuItems): array
    {
        $processedItems = [];

        foreach ($menuItems as $key => $item) {
            $item['key'] = $key;
            $item['is_active'] = $this->isActiveItem($item);
            $item['is_current'] = $this->isCurrentPage($item['url']);
            $item['has_children'] = isset($item['children']) && !empty($item['children']);

            // Process children recursively
            if ($item['has_children']) {
                $item['children'] = $this->processMenuItems($item['children']);
                $item['has_active_child'] = $this->hasActiveChild($item['children']);
            }

            // Add CSS classes
            $item['css_classes'] = $this->generateCssClasses($item);

            $processedItems[] = $item;
        }

        return $processedItems;
    }

    /**
     * Verifica se l'utente ha i permessi richiesti
     */
    private function hasPermission(array $requiredPermissions, ?User $user): bool
    {
        if (in_array('public', $requiredPermissions)) {
            return true;
        }

        if (!$user) {
            return false;
        }

        if ($this->permissionManager) {
            return $this->permissionManager->userHasAnyPermission($user, $requiredPermissions);
        }

        // Fallback: check if user is authenticated for 'authenticated' permission
        return in_array('authenticated', $requiredPermissions) && $user->isAuthenticated();
    }

    /**
     * Determina se un elemento del menu è attivo
     */
    private function isActiveItem(array $item): bool
    {
        if ($this->isCurrentPage($item['url'])) {
            return true;
        }

        // Check if any child is active
        if (isset($item['children'])) {
            foreach ($item['children'] as $child) {
                if ($this->isActiveItem($child)) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Verifica se l'URL corrisponde alla pagina corrente
     */
    private function isCurrentPage(string $url): bool
    {
        return $this->currentUrl === $url ||
               ($url !== '/' && strpos($this->currentUrl, $url) === 0);
    }

    /**
     * Verifica se ci sono figli attivi
     */
    private function hasActiveChild(array $children): bool
    {
        foreach ($children as $child) {
            if ($child['is_active']) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Genera le classi CSS per un elemento del menu
     */
    private function generateCssClasses(array $item): string
    {
        $classes = ['nav-item'];

        if ($item['is_current']) {
            $classes[] = 'current-page';
        }

        if ($item['is_active']) {
            $classes[] = 'active';
        }

        if ($item['has_children']) {
            $classes[] = 'has-dropdown';
        }

        if (isset($item['has_active_child']) && $item['has_active_child']) {
            $classes[] = 'has-active-child';
        }

        return implode(' ', $classes);
    }

    /**
     * Ottiene l'URL corrente
     */
    private function getCurrentUrl(): string
    {
        $protocol = isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && $_SERVER['HTTPS'] === 'on' ? 'https' : 'http';
        $host = $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] ?? 'localhost';
        $uri = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] ?? '/';

        // Rimuovi query string per il matching
        $uri = strtok($uri, '?');

        return parse_url($protocol . '://' . $host . $uri, PHP_URL_PATH) ?? '/';
    }

    /**
     * Genera breadcrumbs basati sul menu corrente
     */
    public function generateBreadcrumbs(string $menuType = 'main_menu', ?User $user = null): array
    {
        if (!$this->config['settings']['generate_breadcrumbs']) {
            return [];
        }

        $menu = $this->generateMenu($menuType, $user);
        $breadcrumbs = [];

        $this->findBreadcrumbPath($menu, $this->currentUrl, $breadcrumbs);

        // Add home if not already present
        if (!empty($breadcrumbs) && $breadcrumbs[0]['url'] !== '/') {
            array_unshift($breadcrumbs, [
                'label' => 'Home',
                'url' => '/',
                'is_current' => false
            ]);
        }

        // Mark last item as current
        if (!empty($breadcrumbs)) {
            $breadcrumbs[count($breadcrumbs) - 1]['is_current'] = true;
        }

        return $breadcrumbs;
    }

    /**
     * Trova ricorsivamente il percorso dei breadcrumbs
     */
    private function findBreadcrumbPath(array $menu, string $targetUrl, array &$path, array $currentPath = []): bool
    {
        foreach ($menu as $item) {
            $newPath = array_merge($currentPath, [
                'label' => $item['label'],
                'url' => $item['url']
            ]);

            if ($item['url'] === $targetUrl) {
                $path = $newPath;
                return true;
            }

            if (isset($item['children']) && !empty($item['children'])) {
                if ($this->findBreadcrumbPath($item['children'], $targetUrl, $path, $newPath)) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }

        return false;
    }
}

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<?php
// src/Core/NavigationRenderer.php

class NavigationRenderer
{
    private MenuManager $menuManager;
    private string $templatePath;
    private array $globalVariables = [];

    public function __construct(MenuManager $menuManager, string $templatePath)
    {
        $this->menuManager = $menuManager;
        $this->templatePath = rtrim($templatePath, '/');
    }

    /**
     * Rende un menu utilizzando un template specifico
     */
    public function renderMenu(string $menuType, string $template = 'default', ?User $user = null): string
    {
        $menu = $this->menuManager->generateMenu($menuType, $user);
        $breadcrumbs = $this->menuManager->generateBreadcrumbs($menuType, $user);

        $templateFile = $this->getTemplatePath('menus', $template);

        return $this->renderTemplate($templateFile, [
            'menu' => $menu,
            'breadcrumbs' => $breadcrumbs,
            'menuType' => $menuType,
            'user' => $user
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * Rende breadcrumbs utilizzando un template
     */
    public function renderBreadcrumbs(string $menuType = 'main_menu', string $template = 'default', ?User $user = null): string
    {
        $breadcrumbs = $this->menuManager->generateBreadcrumbs($menuType, $user);

        if (empty($breadcrumbs)) {
            return '';
        }

        $templateFile = $this->getTemplatePath('breadcrumbs', $template);

        return $this->renderTemplate($templateFile, [
            'breadcrumbs' => $breadcrumbs,
            'user' => $user
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * Rende un template con variabili
     */
    public function renderTemplate(string $templateFile, array $variables = []): string
    {
        if (!file_exists($templateFile)) {
            throw new Exception("Template file not found: {$templateFile}");
        }

        // Merge global variables
        $variables = array_merge($this->globalVariables, $variables);

        // Extract variables to local scope
        extract($variables, EXTR_SKIP);

        // Start output buffering
        ob_start();

        try {
            include $templateFile;
            return ob_get_clean();
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            ob_end_clean();
            throw $e;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Imposta variabili globali disponibili in tutti i template
     */
    public function setGlobalVariable(string $name, $value): void
    {
        $this->globalVariables[$name] = $value;
    }

    /**
     * Ottiene il percorso completo di un template
     */
    private function getTemplatePath(string $type, string $template): string
    {
        return $this->templatePath . "/{$type}/{$template}.php";
    }

    /**
     * Helper per generare attributi HTML
     */
    public function renderAttributes(array $attributes): string
    {
        $html = [];

        foreach ($attributes as $key => $value) {
            if (is_bool($value)) {
                if ($value) {
                    $html[] = htmlspecialchars($key, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
                }
            } elseif ($value !== null) {
                $html[] = htmlspecialchars($key, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') . '="' .
                         htmlspecialchars($value, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') . '"';
            }
        }

        return implode(' ', $html);
    }
}

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<?php
// src/Templates/menus/bootstrap-navbar.php
/**
 * Template Bootstrap 5 per menu di navigazione multi-livello
 */
?>
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark bg-primary" role="navigation" aria-label="Main navigation">
    <div class="container-fluid">
        <!-- Brand/Logo -->
        <a class="navbar-brand" href="/">
            <img src="/assets/images/logo.png" alt="Logo" width="30" height="24" class="d-inline-block align-text-top">
            Il Mio Sito
        </a>

        <!-- Mobile Toggle -->
        <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarNav"
                aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
            <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
        </button>

        <!-- Navigation Menu -->
        <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav">
            <ul class="navbar-nav me-auto mb-2 mb-lg-0">
                <?php foreach ($menu as $item): ?>
                    <li class="nav-item <?php echo $item['has_children'] ? 'dropdown' : ''; ?>">
                        <?php if ($item['has_children']): ?>
                            <!-- Dropdown Menu -->
                            <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle <?php echo $item['css_classes']; ?>"
                               href="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($item['url']); ?>"
                               id="navbarDropdown<?php echo $item['key']; ?>"
                               role="button"
                               data-bs-toggle="dropdown"
                               aria-expanded="false"
                               <?php echo $item['is_current'] ? 'aria-current="page"' : ''; ?>>
                                <?php if (isset($item['icon'])): ?>
                                    <i class="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($item['icon']); ?>"></i>
                                <?php endif; ?>
                                <?php echo htmlspecialchars($item['label']); ?>
                            </a>

                            <!-- Dropdown Items -->
                            <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown<?php echo $item['key']; ?>">
                                <?php foreach ($item['children'] as $child): ?>
                                    <li>
                                        <a class="dropdown-item <?php echo $child['css_classes']; ?>"
                                           href="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($child['url']); ?>"
                                           <?php echo $child['is_current'] ? 'aria-current="page"' : ''; ?>>
                                            <?php if (isset($child['icon'])): ?>
                                                <i class="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($child['icon']); ?>"></i>
                                            <?php endif; ?>
                                            <?php echo htmlspecialchars($child['label']); ?>
                                        </a>
                                    </li>

                                    <!-- Sub-children (3rd level) -->
                                    <?php if (isset($child['children']) && !empty($child['children'])): ?>
                                        <li><hr class="dropdown-divider"></li>
                                        <?php foreach ($child['children'] as $subchild): ?>
                                            <li>
                                                <a class="dropdown-item ps-4 <?php echo $subchild['css_classes']; ?>"
                                                   href="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($subchild['url']); ?>">
                                                    <small><?php echo htmlspecialchars($subchild['label']); ?></small>
                                                </a>
                                            </li>
                                        <?php endforeach; ?>
                                    <?php endif; ?>
                                <?php endforeach; ?>
                            </ul>
                        <?php else: ?>
                            <!-- Simple Link -->
                            <a class="nav-link <?php echo $item['css_classes']; ?>"
                               href="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($item['url']); ?>"
                               <?php echo $item['is_current'] ? 'aria-current="page"' : ''; ?>>
                                <?php if (isset($item['icon'])): ?>
                                    <i class="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($item['icon']); ?>"></i>
                                <?php endif; ?>
                                <?php echo htmlspecialchars($item['label']); ?>
                            </a>
                        <?php endif; ?>
                    </li>
                <?php endforeach; ?>
            </ul>

            <!-- User Menu -->
            <?php if ($user && $user->isAuthenticated()): ?>
                <ul class="navbar-nav">
                    <li class="nav-item dropdown">
                        <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="userDropdown" role="button"
                           data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false">
                            <i class="fas fa-user-circle"></i>
                            <?php echo htmlspecialchars($user->getDisplayName()); ?>
                        </a>
                        <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-end">
                            <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="/profile"><i class="fas fa-user"></i> Profilo</a></li>
                            <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="/settings"><i class="fas fa-cog"></i> Impostazioni</a></li>
                            <li><hr class="dropdown-divider"></li>
                            <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="/logout"><i class="fas fa-sign-out-alt"></i> Logout</a></li>
                        </ul>
                    </li>
                </ul>
            <?php else: ?>
                <ul class="navbar-nav">
                    <li class="nav-item">
                        <a class="nav-link" href="/login">
                            <i class="fas fa-sign-in-alt"></i> Login
                        </a>
                    </li>
                </ul>
            <?php endif; ?>
        </div>
    </div>
</nav>

<!-- Breadcrumbs (optional) -->
<?php if (!empty($breadcrumbs) && count($breadcrumbs) > 1): ?>
    <nav aria-label="breadcrumb" class="bg-light py-2">
        <div class="container-fluid">
            <ol class="breadcrumb mb-0">
                <?php foreach ($breadcrumbs as $crumb): ?>
                    <li class="breadcrumb-item <?php echo $crumb['is_current'] ? 'active' : ''; ?>"
                        <?php echo $crumb['is_current'] ? 'aria-current="page"' : ''; ?>>
                        <?php if (!$crumb['is_current']): ?>
                            <a href="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($crumb['url']); ?>">
                                <?php echo htmlspecialchars($crumb['label']); ?>
                            </a>
                        <?php else: ?>
                            <?php echo htmlspecialchars($crumb['label']); ?>
                        <?php endif; ?>
                    </li>
                <?php endforeach; ?>
            </ol>
        </div>
    </nav>
<?php endif; ?>

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<?php
// src/Templates/menus/sidebar.php
/**
 * Template per menu sidebar amministrativo
 */
?>
<div class="sidebar bg-dark" id="sidebar">
    <div class="sidebar-header">
        <h4 class="text-white text-center py-3">
            <i class="fas fa-cogs"></i> Admin Panel
        </h4>
    </div>

    <nav class="sidebar-nav">
        <ul class="nav flex-column">
            <?php foreach ($menu as $item): ?>
                <li class="nav-item">
                    <?php if ($item['has_children']): ?>
                        <!-- Collapsible Menu Item -->
                        <a class="nav-link d-flex align-items-center <?php echo $item['css_classes']; ?>"
                           href="#submenu<?php echo $item['key']; ?>"
                           data-bs-toggle="collapse"
                           aria-expanded="<?php echo $item['has_active_child'] ? 'true' : 'false'; ?>"
                           role="button">
                            <?php if (isset($item['icon'])): ?>
                                <i class="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($item['icon']); ?> me-2"></i>
                            <?php endif; ?>
                            <span><?php echo htmlspecialchars($item['label']); ?></span>
                            <i class="fas fa-chevron-down ms-auto"></i>
                        </a>

                        <!-- Submenu -->
                        <div class="collapse <?php echo $item['has_active_child'] ? 'show' : ''; ?>"
                             id="submenu<?php echo $item['key']; ?>">
                            <ul class="nav flex-column ms-3">
                                <?php foreach ($item['children'] as $child): ?>
                                    <li class="nav-item">
                                        <a class="nav-link d-flex align-items-center <?php echo $child['css_classes']; ?>"
                                           href="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($child['url']); ?>"
                                           <?php echo $child['is_current'] ? 'aria-current="page"' : ''; ?>>
                                            <?php if (isset($child['icon'])): ?>
                                                <i class="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($child['icon']); ?> me-2"></i>
                                            <?php endif; ?>
                                            <span><?php echo htmlspecialchars($child['label']); ?></span>

                                            <?php if (isset($child['badge'])): ?>
                                                <span class="badge bg-secondary ms-auto">
                                                    <?php echo htmlspecialchars($child['badge']); ?>
                                                </span>
                                            <?php endif; ?>
                                        </a>
                                    </li>
                                <?php endforeach; ?>
                            </ul>
                        </div>
                    <?php else: ?>
                        <!-- Simple Menu Item -->
                        <a class="nav-link d-flex align-items-center <?php echo $item['css_classes']; ?>"
                           href="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($item['url']); ?>"
                           <?php echo $item['is_current'] ? 'aria-current="page"' : ''; ?>>
                            <?php if (isset($item['icon'])): ?>
                                <i class="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($item['icon']); ?> me-2"></i>
                            <?php endif; ?>
                            <span><?php echo htmlspecialchars($item['label']); ?></span>

                            <?php if (isset($item['badge'])): ?>
                                <span class="badge bg-secondary ms-auto">
                                    <?php echo htmlspecialchars($item['badge']); ?>
                                </span>
                            <?php endif; ?>
                        </a>
                    <?php endif; ?>
                </li>
            <?php endforeach; ?>
        </ul>
    </nav>

    <!-- Sidebar Footer -->
    <div class="sidebar-footer mt-auto p-3">
        <?php if ($user && $user->isAuthenticated()): ?>
            <div class="user-info text-white">
                <div class="d-flex align-items-center">
                    <div class="avatar me-2">
                        <i class="fas fa-user-circle fa-lg"></i>
                    </div>
                    <div class="user-details">
                        <small class="d-block"><?php echo htmlspecialchars($user->getDisplayName()); ?></small>
                        <small class="text-muted"><?php echo htmlspecialchars($user->getRole()); ?></small>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="mt-2">
                    <a href="/logout" class="btn btn-sm btn-outline-light">
                        <i class="fas fa-sign-out-alt"></i> Logout
                    </a>
                </div>
            </div>
        <?php endif; ?>
    </div>
</div>

<style>
.sidebar {
    min-height: 100vh;
    width: 250px;
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    z-index: 1000;
    transition: all 0.3s;
}

.sidebar .nav-link {
    color: #fff;
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
    transition: all 0.2s;
}

.sidebar .nav-link:hover {
    background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
    color: #fff;
}

.sidebar .nav-link.active,
.sidebar .nav-link.current-page {
    background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.2);
    color: #fff;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.sidebar-nav {
    max-height: calc(100vh - 200px);
    overflow-y: auto;
}

/* Responsive */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .sidebar {
        margin-left: -250px;
    }

    .sidebar.show {
        margin-left: 0;
    }
}
</style>

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<?php
// src/Core/PermissionManager.php

class PermissionManager
{
    private array $roleHierarchy;
    private array $permissionCache = [];

    public function __construct(array $roleHierarchy = [])
    {
        $this->roleHierarchy = $roleHierarchy ?: [
            'super_admin' => ['admin', 'manager', 'analyst', 'authenticated', 'public'],
            'admin' => ['manager', 'analyst', 'authenticated', 'public'],
            'manager' => ['analyst', 'authenticated', 'public'],
            'analyst' => ['authenticated', 'public'],
            'authenticated' => ['public'],
            'public' => []
        ];
    }

    /**
     * Verifica se un utente ha uno qualsiasi dei permessi richiesti
     */
    public function userHasAnyPermission(User $user, array $requiredPermissions): bool
    {
        $userPermissions = $this->getUserPermissions($user);

        foreach ($requiredPermissions as $permission) {
            if (in_array($permission, $userPermissions)) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Verifica se un utente ha tutti i permessi richiesti
     */
    public function userHasAllPermissions(User $user, array $requiredPermissions): bool
    {
        $userPermissions = $this->getUserPermissions($user);

        foreach ($requiredPermissions as $permission) {
            if (!in_array($permission, $userPermissions)) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Ottiene tutti i permessi di un utente basati sui suoi ruoli
     */
    public function getUserPermissions(User $user): array
    {
        $userId = $user->getId();

        // Check cache
        if (isset($this->permissionCache[$userId])) {
            return $this->permissionCache[$userId];
        }

        $permissions = [];
        $userRoles = $user->getRoles();

        foreach ($userRoles as $role) {
            if (isset($this->roleHierarchy[$role])) {
                $permissions = array_merge($permissions, $this->roleHierarchy[$role]);
            }
            // Add the role itself as a permission
            $permissions[] = $role;
        }

        // Add authenticated permission if user is logged in
        if ($user->isAuthenticated()) {
            $permissions[] = 'authenticated';
        }

        // Always add public permission
        $permissions[] = 'public';

        // Remove duplicates
        $permissions = array_unique($permissions);

        // Cache result
        $this->permissionCache[$userId] = $permissions;

        return $permissions;
    }

    /**
     * Verifica se un ruolo include un altro ruolo
     */
    public function roleIncludes(string $role, string $targetRole): bool
    {
        if ($role === $targetRole) {
            return true;
        }

        if (!isset($this->roleHierarchy[$role])) {
            return false;
        }

        return in_array($targetRole, $this->roleHierarchy[$role]);
    }

    /**
     * Ottiene il livello gerarchico di un ruolo
     */
    public function getRoleLevel(string $role): int
    {
        $levels = [
            'super_admin' => 100,
            'admin' => 80,
            'manager' => 60,
            'analyst' => 40,
            'authenticated' => 20,
            'public' => 0
        ];

        return $levels[$role] ?? 0;
    }

    /**
     * Pulisce la cache dei permessi
     */
    public function clearPermissionCache(?int $userId = null): void
    {
        if ($userId) {
            unset($this->permissionCache[$userId]);
        } else {
            $this->permissionCache = [];
        }
    }
}

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<?php
// src/Core/User.php

class User
{
    private int $id;
    private string $username;
    private string $email;
    private array $roles;
    private bool $isAuthenticated;
    private array $metadata;

    public function __construct(int $id, string $username, string $email, array $roles = [], bool $isAuthenticated = false)
    {
        $this->id = $id;
        $this->username = $username;
        $this->email = $email;
        $this->roles = $roles;
        $this->isAuthenticated = $isAuthenticated;
        $this->metadata = [];
    }

    public function getId(): int
    {
        return $this->id;
    }

    public function getUsername(): string
    {
        return $this->username;
    }

    public function getEmail(): string
    {
        return $this->email;
    }

    public function getRoles(): array
    {
        return $this->roles;
    }

    public function hasRole(string $role): bool
    {
        return in_array($role, $this->roles);
    }

    public function getHighestRole(): ?string
    {
        $roleHierarchy = [
            'super_admin' => 100,
            'admin' => 80,
            'manager' => 60,
            'analyst' => 40,
            'authenticated' => 20,
            'public' => 0
        ];

        $highestLevel = -1;
        $highestRole = null;

        foreach ($this->roles as $role) {
            $level = $roleHierarchy[$role] ?? 0;
            if ($level > $highestLevel) {
                $highestLevel = $level;
                $highestRole = $role;
            }
        }

        return $highestRole;
    }

    public function getDisplayName(): string
    {
        return $this->metadata['display_name'] ?? $this->username;
    }

    public function isAuthenticated(): bool
    {
        return $this->isAuthenticated;
    }

    public function getRole(): string
    {
        return $this->getHighestRole() ?? 'guest';
    }

    public function setMetadata(string $key, $value): void
    {
        $this->metadata[$key] = $value;
    }

    public function getMetadata(string $key, $default = null)
    {
        return $this->metadata[$key] ?? $default;
    }
}

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<?php
// src/Templates/breadcrumbs/default.php
/**
 * Template breadcrumbs con schema.org markup per SEO
 */
?>
<?php if (!empty($breadcrumbs) && count($breadcrumbs) > 1): ?>
<nav aria-label="breadcrumb" class="breadcrumb-nav">
    <ol class="breadcrumb" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList">
        <?php foreach ($breadcrumbs as $index => $crumb): ?>
            <li class="breadcrumb-item <?php echo $crumb['is_current'] ? 'active' : ''; ?>"
                itemprop="itemListElement"
                itemscope
                itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"
                <?php echo $crumb['is_current'] ? 'aria-current="page"' : ''; ?>>

                <?php if (!$crumb['is_current']): ?>
                    <a href="<?php echo htmlspecialchars($crumb['url']); ?>"
                       itemprop="item">
                        <span itemprop="name"><?php echo htmlspecialchars($crumb['label']); ?></span>
                    </a>
                <?php else: ?>
                    <span itemprop="name"><?php echo htmlspecialchars($crumb['label']); ?></span>
                <?php endif; ?>

                <meta itemprop="position" content="<?php echo $index + 1; ?>">
            </li>
        <?php endforeach; ?>
    </ol>
</nav>

<style>
.breadcrumb-nav {
    background: transparent;
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
}

.breadcrumb {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    border-radius: 0.375rem;
    margin-bottom: 0;
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
}

.breadcrumb-item + .breadcrumb-item::before {
    content: "›";
    color: #6c757d;
    font-weight: bold;
}

.breadcrumb-item a {
    color: #0d6efd;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.breadcrumb-item a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.breadcrumb-item.active {
    color: #6c757d;
    font-weight: 500;
}

@media (max-width: 576px) {
    .breadcrumb {
        font-size: 0.875rem;
        padding: 0.375rem 0.75rem;
    }
}
</style>
<?php endif; ?>

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<?php
// src/Core/CacheManager.php

class CacheManager
{
    private string $cacheDir;
    private int $defaultTtl;

    public function __construct(string $cacheDir, int $defaultTtl = 3600)
    {
        $this->cacheDir = rtrim($cacheDir, '/');
        $this->defaultTtl = $defaultTtl;

        // Crea directory cache se non esiste
        if (!is_dir($this->cacheDir)) {
            mkdir($this->cacheDir, 0755, true);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Salva dati nella cache
     */
    public function set(string $key, $data, ?int $ttl = null): bool
    {
        $ttl = $ttl ?? $this->defaultTtl;
        $filePath = $this->getCacheFilePath($key);

        $cacheData = [
            'data' => $data,
            'expires' => time() + $ttl,
            'created' => time()
        ];

        return file_put_contents($filePath, serialize($cacheData)) !== false;
    }

    /**
     * Recupera dati dalla cache
     */
    public function get(string $key)
    {
        $filePath = $this->getCacheFilePath($key);

        if (!file_exists($filePath)) {
            return null;
        }

        $cacheData = unserialize(file_get_contents($filePath));

        if (!$cacheData || time() > $cacheData['expires']) {
            $this->delete($key);
            return null;
        }

        return $cacheData['data'];
    }

    /**
     * Verifica se una chiave esiste nella cache
     */
    public function has(string $key): bool
    {
        return $this->get($key) !== null;
    }

    /**
     * Elimina un elemento dalla cache
     */
    public function delete(string $key): bool
    {
        $filePath = $this->getCacheFilePath($key);

        if (file_exists($filePath)) {
            return unlink($filePath);
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Pulisce tutta la cache
     */
    public function clear(): bool
    {
        $files = glob($this->cacheDir . '/*.cache');

        foreach ($files as $file) {
            if (is_file($file)) {
                unlink($file);
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Pulisce la cache scaduta
     */
    public function clearExpired(): int
    {
        $files = glob($this->cacheDir . '/*.cache');
        $deleted = 0;

        foreach ($files as $file) {
            if (is_file($file)) {
                $cacheData = unserialize(file_get_contents($file));

                if (!$cacheData || time() > $cacheData['expires']) {
                    unlink($file);
                    $deleted++;
                }
            }
        }

        return $deleted;
    }

    /**
     * Ottiene il percorso del file cache
     */
    private function getCacheFilePath(string $key): string
    {
        $hashedKey = md5($key);
        return $this->cacheDir . '/' . $hashedKey . '.cache';
    }
}

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<?php
// Aggiunta al MenuManager per integrazione cache

class MenuManager
{
    private ?CacheManager $cacheManager;

    public function __construct(array $config, ?PermissionManager $permissionManager = null, ?CacheManager $cacheManager = null)
    {
        $this->config = $config;
        $this->permissionManager = $permissionManager;
        $this->cacheManager = $cacheManager;
        $this->currentUrl = $this->getCurrentUrl();
    }

    /**
     * Genera menu con cache avanzato
     */
    public function generateMenu(string $menuType = 'main_menu', ?User $user = null): array
    {
        if (!$this->config['settings']['cache_enabled'] || !$this->cacheManager) {
            return $this->buildMenu($menuType, $user);
        }

        $cacheKey = "menu_{$menuType}_" . ($user ? $user->getId() . '_' . md5(serialize($user->getRoles())) : 'guest');

        // Try to get from cache
        $cachedMenu = $this->cacheManager->get($cacheKey);

        if ($cachedMenu !== null) {
            // Update current page states (not cached as they change per request)
            return $this->updateCurrentPageStates($cachedMenu);
        }

        // Generate menu and cache it
        $menu = $this->buildMenu($menuType, $user);
        $menuToCache = $this->removeCurrentPageStates($menu);

        $this->cacheManager->set($cacheKey, $menuToCache, $this->config['settings']['cache_duration'] ?? 3600);

        return $menu;
    }

    /**
     * Aggiorna gli stati delle pagine correnti
     */
    private function updateCurrentPageStates(array $menu): array
    {
        return array_map(function ($item) {
            $item['is_active'] = $this->isActiveItem($item);
            $item['is_current'] = $this->isCurrentPage($item['url']);

            if (isset($item['children'])) {
                $item['children'] = $this->updateCurrentPageStates($item['children']);
                $item['has_active_child'] = $this->hasActiveChild($item['children']);
            }

            $item['css_classes'] = $this->generateCssClasses($item);

            return $item;
        }, $menu);
    }

    /**
     * Rimuove gli stati delle pagine correnti per il caching
     */
    private function removeCurrentPageStates(array $menu): array
    {
        return array_map(function ($item) {
            unset($item['is_active'], $item['is_current'], $item['has_active_child'], $item['css_classes']);

            if (isset($item['children'])) {
                $item['children'] = $this->removeCurrentPageStates($item['children']);
            }

            return $item;
        }, $menu);
    }

    /**
     * Invalida la cache per un tipo di menu
     */
    public function invalidateMenuCache(string $menuType): void
    {
        if (!$this->cacheManager) {
            return;
        }

        // Pattern per invalidare tutte le cache del menu type
        $this->cacheManager->delete("menu_{$menuType}_guest");

        // In una implementazione reale, dovresti invalidare anche le cache degli utenti
        // Questo richiede di tenere traccia delle chiavi cache generate
    }
}

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<?php
// tests/Unit/MenuManagerTest.php

use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

class MenuManagerTest extends TestCase
{
    private MenuManager $menuManager;
    private array $testConfig;

    protected function setUp(): void
    {
        $this->testConfig = [
            'main_menu' => [
                'home' => [
                    'label' => 'Home',
                    'url' => '/',
                    'permissions' => ['public']
                ],
                'admin' => [
                    'label' => 'Admin',
                    'url' => '/admin',
                    'permissions' => ['admin'],
                    'children' => [
                        'users' => [
                            'label' => 'Users',
                            'url' => '/admin/users',
                            'permissions' => ['admin']
                        ]
                    ]
                ]
            ],
            'settings' => [
                'cache_enabled' => false,
                'highlight_current' => true,
                'generate_breadcrumbs' => true
            ]
        ];

        $this->menuManager = new MenuManager($this->testConfig);
    }

    public function testGenerateMenuForPublicUser(): void
    {
        $menu = $this->menuManager->generateMenu('main_menu');

        $this->assertCount(1, $menu); // Only public items
        $this->assertEquals('Home', $menu[0]['label']);
        $this->assertEquals('/', $menu[0]['url']);
    }

    public function testGenerateMenuForAdminUser(): void
    {
        $user = new User(1, 'admin', 'admin@test.com', ['admin'], true);
        $menu = $this->menuManager->generateMenu('main_menu', $user);

        $this->assertCount(2, $menu); // Public and admin items

        $adminItem = array_filter($menu, fn($item) => $item['label'] === 'Admin')[0];
        $this->assertTrue($adminItem['has_children']);
        $this->assertCount(1, $adminItem['children']);
    }

    public function testMenuItemStates(): void
    {
        // Simulate being on home page
        $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] = '/';

        $menu = $this->menuManager->generateMenu('main_menu');

        $homeItem = $menu[0];
        $this->assertTrue($homeItem['is_current']);
        $this->assertTrue($homeItem['is_active']);
        $this->assertStringContains('current-page', $homeItem['css_classes']);
    }

    public function testBreadcrumbGeneration(): void
    {
        // Simulate being on admin users page
        $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] = '/admin/users';

        $user = new User(1, 'admin', 'admin@test.com', ['admin'], true);
        $breadcrumbs = $this->menuManager->generateBreadcrumbs('main_menu', $user);

        $this->assertCount(3, $breadcrumbs); // Home > Admin > Users
        $this->assertEquals('Home', $breadcrumbs[0]['label']);
        $this->assertEquals('Admin', $breadcrumbs[1]['label']);
        $this->assertEquals('Users', $breadcrumbs[2]['label']);
        $this->assertTrue($breadcrumbs[2]['is_current']);
    }

    public function testPermissionFiltering(): void
    {
        $permissionManager = new PermissionManager();
        $menuManager = new MenuManager($this->testConfig, $permissionManager);

        // Test with authenticated user without admin role
        $user = new User(2, 'user', 'user@test.com', ['authenticated'], true);
        $menu = $menuManager->generateMenu('main_menu', $user);

        $this->assertCount(1, $menu); // Only home, admin should be filtered out
    }
}

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<?php
// tests/Performance/MenuPerformanceTest.php

class MenuPerformanceTest
{
    private MenuManager $menuManager;
    private CacheManager $cacheManager;

    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->setupLargeMenuConfig();
        $this->cacheManager = new CacheManager('/tmp/menu_cache_test');
        $this->menuManager = new MenuManager($this->largeConfig, null, $this->cacheManager);
    }

    public function testMenuGenerationPerformance(): void
    {
        $iterations = 100;

        echo "Testing menu generation performance...\n";

        // Without cache
        $startTime = microtime(true);
        for ($i = 0; $i < $iterations; $i++) {
            $this->menuManager->generateMenu('main_menu');
        }
        $timeWithoutCache = microtime(true) - $startTime;

        // With cache
        $this->menuManager = new MenuManager($this->largeConfig, null, $this->cacheManager);

        $startTime = microtime(true);
        for ($i = 0; $i < $iterations; $i++) {
            $this->menuManager->generateMenu('main_menu');
        }
        $timeWithCache = microtime(true) - $startTime;

        echo "Without cache: {$timeWithoutCache}s\n";
        echo "With cache: {$timeWithCache}s\n";
        echo "Performance improvement: " . round(($timeWithoutCache / $timeWithCache), 2) . "x\n";

        // Cleanup
        $this->cacheManager->clear();
    }

    private function setupLargeMenuConfig(): void
    {
        // Generate a large menu structure for performance testing
        $this->largeConfig = [
            'main_menu' => [],
            'settings' => [
                'cache_enabled' => true,
                'cache_duration' => 3600
            ]
        ];

        // Generate 50 top-level items with 10 children each
        for ($i = 1; $i <= 50; $i++) {
            $children = [];
            for ($j = 1; $j <= 10; $j++) {
                $children["child_{$i}_{$j}"] = [
                    'label' => "Child {$i}.{$j}",
                    'url' => "/section{$i}/item{$j}",
                    'permissions' => ['public']
                ];
            }

            $this->largeConfig['main_menu']["item_{$i}"] = [
                'label' => "Item {$i}",
                'url' => "/section{$i}",
                'permissions' => ['public'],
                'children' => $children
            ];
        }
    }
}

// Run performance test
$performanceTest = new MenuPerformanceTest();
$performanceTest->testMenuGenerationPerformance();

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<?php
// public/index.php - Esempio di utilizzo completo

require_once '../vendor/autoload.php';

// Configurazione
$navigationConfig = require '../src/Config/navigation.php';

// Initialize managers
$cacheManager = new CacheManager('../cache/navigation');
$permissionManager = new PermissionManager();
$menuManager = new MenuManager($navigationConfig, $permissionManager, $cacheManager);

// Template renderer
$renderer = new NavigationRenderer($menuManager, '../src/Templates');

// Simulate user authentication
session_start();
$user = null;

if (isset($_SESSION['user_id'])) {
    // In una app reale, caricheresti l'utente dal database
    $user = new User(
        $_SESSION['user_id'],
        $_SESSION['username'] ?? 'guest',
        $_SESSION['email'] ?? '',
        $_SESSION['roles'] ?? ['authenticated'],
        true
    );
}

// Set global template variables
$renderer->setGlobalVariable('site_name', 'Il Mio Sito Web');
$renderer->setGlobalVariable('current_year', date('Y'));

// Get current page
$currentPage = $_GET['page'] ?? 'home';

?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="it">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>PHP Navigation System</title>
    <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.1.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.0.0/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
    <!-- Main Navigation -->
    <?php echo $renderer->renderMenu('main_menu', 'bootstrap-navbar', $user); ?>

    <!-- Main Content -->
    <div class="container-fluid">
        <div class="row">
            <!-- Sidebar (for authenticated users) -->
            <?php if ($user && $user->isAuthenticated()): ?>
                <div class="col-md-3 col-lg-2 px-0">
                    <?php echo $renderer->renderMenu('sidebar_menu', 'sidebar', $user); ?>
                </div>
                <div class="col-md-9 col-lg-10">
            <?php else: ?>
                <div class="col-12">
            <?php endif; ?>

                <!-- Breadcrumbs -->
                <?php echo $renderer->renderBreadcrumbs('main_menu', 'default', $user); ?>

                <!-- Page Content -->
                <main class="py-4">
                    <?php
                    switch ($currentPage) {
                        case 'home':
                            echo '<h1>Benvenuto</h1>';
                            echo '<p>Questo è un esempio di sistema di navigazione PHP avanzato.</p>';
                            break;
                        case 'admin':
                            if ($user && $user->hasRole('admin')) {
                                echo '<h1>Pannello Amministrazione</h1>';
                                echo '<p>Contenuto riservato agli amministratori.</p>';
                            } else {
                                echo '<h1>Accesso Negato</h1>';
                                echo '<p>Non hai i permessi per accedere a questa sezione.</p>';
                            }
                            break;
                        default:
                            echo '<h1>Pagina non trovata</h1>';
                    }
                    ?>
                </main>

            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <!-- Footer Navigation -->
    <footer class="bg-dark text-light py-4 mt-5">
        <div class="container">
            <div class="row">
                <div class="col-md-6">
                    <?php echo $renderer->renderMenu('footer_menu', 'simple-list', $user); ?>
                </div>
                <div class="col-md-6 text-end">
                    <p>&copy; <?php echo date('Y'); ?> Il Mio Sito. Tutti i diritti riservati.</p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </footer>

    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.1.3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

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<!-- Esempio di markup accessibile -->
<nav role="navigation" aria-label="Main navigation">
    <ul class="nav" role="menubar">
        <li role="none">
            <a href="/" role="menuitem" aria-current="page">Home</a>
        </li>
        <li role="none">
            <button role="menuitem" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true">
                Prodotti
            </button>
            <ul role="menu" aria-label="Submenu prodotti">
                <li role="none">
                    <a href="/products/a" role="menuitem">Categoria A</a>
                </li>
            </ul>
        </li>
    </ul>
</nav>

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// Schema.org markup per breadcrumbs
$schemaMarkup = [
    "@context" => "https://schema.org",
    "@type" => "BreadcrumbList",
    "itemListElement" => []
];

foreach ($breadcrumbs as $index => $crumb) {
    $schemaMarkup["itemListElement"][] = [
        "@type" => "ListItem",
        "position" => $index + 1,
        "name" => $crumb['label'],
        "item" => $crumb['url']
    ];
}

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class MenuDebugger
{
    public static function logMenuGeneration(string $menuType, ?User $user, float $executionTime): void
    {
        $logData = [
            'timestamp' => date('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
            'menu_type' => $menuType,
            'user_id' => $user?->getId(),
            'user_roles' => $user?->getRoles() ?? [],
            'execution_time_ms' => round($executionTime * 1000, 2),
            'memory_usage' => memory_get_usage(true)
        ];

        error_log('MENU_DEBUG: ' . json_encode($logData));
    }
}